National Physical Laboratory

What is a 'hard' vacuum? (FAQ - Pressure)

A hard vacuum is not well defined but it sometimes seems to be used erroneously to describe a pressure that is so low that extreme forces are involved - perhaps causing the containing vessel to implode for example. This is a misnomer; the forces acting on a vessel containing a 'perfect' vacuum would only be 0.001% more than those due to a medium vacuum of 1 Pa.

Last Updated: 25 Mar 2010
Created: 9 Aug 2007