The success of radiotherapy is largely down to increasingly complex treatments.

Just two decades ago treatments involved large open radiation fields, however modern radiotherapy consists of treatments such as highly conformal beam shaping techniques with tight target margins. Other improved delivery methods include intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), which allows higher radiation doses to be focused to regions within the tumour while minimising the dose to surrounding normal critical structures. A further development is volumetric intensity modulatedarc therapy (VMAT) which consists of single or multiple radiation beams that sweep in uninterrupted arcs via fast continuous gantry motion around the patient and speed up treatment delivery.