National Physical Laboratory

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Men Radiation Sign4. Source Characteristics

The radiation received by the monitor can be different to that emitted from within the source

Careful consideration must be given to radionuclides that are in use. Think about decay schemes and emissions in order to identify measuring equipment which will detect the emissions with appropriate sensitivity.

It is important to recognise that the energy spectrum of particle or photons emitted depends upon the nature of the source. This is because the encapsulation material of a sealed source may remove some or all of the alpha and beta particles emitted from the radioactive material, whereas with an open source, there is no encapsulation material and therefore less absorption.

Radionuclides in common use in the hospital, research, nuclear and industrial sectors as sealed and unsealed sources.

Radionuclides in common use in the hospital, research, nuclear and industrial sectors as sealed and unsealed sources

Hospital Research Nuclear Industry

11C

14C 3H 3H

14C

32P

14C 16Co

13N

35S

35S 137Cs

15O

36Cl

36Cl 85Kr

18F

45Ca

51Cr 90Sr+90Y

32P

59Fe

54Mn 147Pm

51Cr

60Co

55Fe 204Tl

57Co

90Sr+90Y

60Co 210Pb

67Ga

109Cd

90Sr+90Y 210Bi

68Ga

125I

99mTc 210Po

75Se

137Cs

131I 226Ra

81Krm

147Pm

137Cs 232Th

86Ge

151Sm

235U 238U

89Sr

152Eu

235U 238U

90Y

204T1

238U 241Am+Be

99Mo

226Ra

239Pu

99mTc

241Am

241Am

111In

241Am+Be



123I

 



125I

 



131I

 



133Xe

 



153Sm

 



186Re

 



201T1

 



223Ra

 



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