This report critically examines measurement techniques for determining the shape, size and size distribution of nanosized filler particles in polymeric systems. Particular emphasis has been placed on the ability of these techniques in providing reliable, quantitative data for assessing the level of dispersion in components for production and service inspection purposes, and for use in predicting material properties of nanoparticulate reinforced polymers. The report covers analytical techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and nanoindentation for laboratory studies. It also considers electrical and electromagnetic (dielectrics, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and eddy current), optical, rheometric, thermal and ultrasonic techniques potentially suitable for production or service inspection. The measurement techniques are assessed in terms of the data generated, fitness for purpose, ease of use, sensitivity and spatial resolution, and consistency of data.The report presents an overview of predictive analysis techniques for characterising thermal and mechanical properties of dispersed nanoparticulate polymeric materials. Modelling approaches considered continuum-based modelling including micromechanical models (Halpin-Tsai and Mori Tanaka) used for predicting thermomechanical properties of conventional composites, molecular modelling and computational methods used for characterising the behaviour of nanocomposites. The models are discussed in terms of applicability to nano-filled polymeric systems, data provided and ability to accommodate the effects of clustering (i.e. dispersion nonuniformity) resulting from post-processing migration due to electrical, thermal and chemical effects.